The Origins of NSF's Science of Science and Innovation Policy (SciSIP) Program
In 2005 John Marburger, Science Adviser to President George W. Bush, gave a keynote address to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in which he described the relationship between basic and applied research as much more complex than is usually shown by the linear model of science and technology policy. In this model knowledge from basic science research goes through a linear process of application and market innovation, but the model does a poor job describing how science works. In his speech Marburger called for "better benchmarks" to understand and predict the relationship between science and societal benefit.
The direct result of this speech, and a subsequent editorial by Marburger in the journal Science, was the institution of a new research program at the National Science Foundation called the Science of Science and Innovation Policy (SciSIP).
